What does the pitot-static system of an aircraft measure?

The pitot-static system of an aircraft is a critical component used to measure several key parameters related to flight performance. It primarily measures airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed, which are essential for the safe operation and navigation of the aircraft.

The airspeed measurement is achieved through the pitot tube, which detects dynamic pressure from the airflow. The total pressure sensed is compared to the static pressure from the static ports of the aircraft, allowing for the calculation of the speed at which the aircraft is traveling through the air.

Altitude measurement comes from the static pressure of the atmosphere. The altimeter uses the relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude to determine the height of the aircraft above sea level. As an aircraft climbs, the atmospheric pressure decreases, and this change is what the altimeter gauges to provide altitude readings.

For vertical speed, the system utilizes a device called a vertical speed indicator (VSI), which assesses the rate of change in static pressure to indicate whether the aircraft is climbing, descending, or maintaining level flight.

In summary, the pitot-static system is integral to providing critical flight information regarding airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed, ensuring that pilots have the necessary data for effective flight management.